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What's the impact of MTU size on network performance?
Asked on Jan 30, 2026
Answer
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) size significantly affects network performance by determining the largest packet size that can be transmitted over a network interface without fragmentation. Proper MTU configuration can optimize throughput and reduce latency, while incorrect settings may lead to increased fragmentation and retransmissions, degrading performance.
Example Concept: MTU size impacts how data packets are transmitted across a network. A larger MTU allows more data to be sent in a single packet, reducing overhead and improving efficiency. However, if the MTU is too large for intermediary network segments, it can cause fragmentation, where packets are broken into smaller pieces, leading to increased processing and potential delays. Conversely, a smaller MTU may avoid fragmentation but increase the number of packets, raising overhead and processing load.
Additional Comment:
- Common MTU sizes are 1500 bytes for Ethernet and 9000 bytes for Jumbo Frames in data centers.
- MTU mismatches can cause issues like packet loss or reduced throughput.
- Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) helps dynamically determine the optimal MTU size along a network path.
- Testing and adjusting MTU settings can be part of network performance optimization.
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