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What are the key differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches?

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What are the key differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches?

Asked on Feb 12, 2026

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Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches differ primarily in their functionality and the OSI model layers they operate on. Layer 2 switches operate at the Data Link layer and are responsible for switching traffic within a local network segment using MAC addresses, while Layer 3 switches operate at the Network layer and can perform routing functions using IP addresses, enabling inter-network communication.

Example Concept: Layer 2 switches forward traffic based on MAC addresses and are typically used for creating VLANs and segmenting broadcast domains within a LAN. In contrast, Layer 3 switches have routing capabilities, allowing them to route traffic between different VLANs or subnets using IP addresses, similar to a router. This makes Layer 3 switches suitable for larger networks where inter-VLAN routing is required, providing both switching and routing functionalities in a single device.

Additional Comment:

Layer 2 switches are often used in access layer networks for connecting end devices.
Layer 3 switches are used in distribution and core layers to manage traffic between different network segments.
Layer 3 switches can support routing protocols like OSPF and BGP, unlike Layer 2 switches.
Layer 3 switches reduce the need for separate routers in some network designs, simplifying infrastructure.

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What are the key differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches?

Asked on Feb 12, 2026

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